Hands-on_Ex03 Part 2 : Programming Animated Statistical Graphics with R

4.1 Overview

This section will use gganimate and plotly r packages to create animated data visualisation At the same time, I will also learn how to (i) reshape data by using tidyr package, and (ii) process, wrangle and transform data by using dplyr package.

4.2 Installing R pacakges

pacman::p_load(readxl, gifski, gapminder,
               plotly, gganimate, tidyverse)

4.2.1 Importing the data

col <- c("Country", "Continent")
globalPop <- read_xls("GlobalPopulation.xls",
                      sheet="Data") %>%
  mutate_at(col, as.factor) %>%
  mutate(Year = as.integer(Year))

4.3 By using gganimate methods

• transition_() defines how the data should be spread out and how it relates to itself across time.

• view_() defines how the positional scales should change along the animation.

• shadow_() defines how data from other points in time should be presented in the given point in time.

• enter_()/exit_*() defines how new data should appear and how old data should disappear during the course of the animation.

• ease_aes() defines how different aesthetics should be eased during transitions

4.3.1 Building a static population bubble plot

ggplot(globalPop, aes(x = Old, y = Young, 
                      size = Population, 
                      colour = Country)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.7, 
             show.legend = FALSE) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
  scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
  labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}', 
       x = '% Aged', 
       y = '% Young') 

4.3.2 Building the animated bubble plot

• transition_time() of gganimate is used to create transition through distinct states in time (i.e. Year).

• ease_aes() is used to control easing of aesthetics. The default is linear. Other methods are: quadratic, cubic, quartic, quintic, sine, circular, exponential, elastic, back, and bounce.

ggplot(globalPop, aes(x = Old, y = Young, 
                      size = Population, 
                      colour = Country)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.7, 
             show.legend = FALSE) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
  scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
  labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}', 
       x = '% Aged', 
       y = '% Young') +
  transition_time(Year) +       
  ease_aes('linear')          

4.4.1 Animated Data Visualisation: plotly

gg <- ggplot(globalPop, 
       aes(x = Old, 
           y = Young, 
           size = Population, 
           colour = Country)) +
  geom_point(aes(size = Population,
                 frame = Year),
             alpha = 0.7, 
             show.legend = FALSE) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
  scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
  labs(x = '% Aged', 
       y = '% Young')

Warning in geom_point(aes(size = Population, frame = Year), alpha = 0.7, :
Ignoring unknown aesthetics: frame

ggplotly(gg)

Warning in p$x$data[firstFrame] <- p$x$frames[[1]]$data: number of items to
replace is not a multiple of replacement length

• Appropriate ggplot2 functions are used to create a static bubble plot. The output is then saved as an R object called gg.

• ggplotly() is then used to convert the R graphic object into an animated svg object.

4.4.2 Building an animated bubble plot: plot_ly() method

bp <- globalPop %>%
  plot_ly(x = ~Old, 
          y = ~Young, 
          size = ~Population, 
          color = ~Continent,
          sizes = c(2, 100),
          frame = ~Year, 
          text = ~Country, 
          hoverinfo = "text",
          type = 'scatter',
          mode = 'markers'
          ) %>%
  layout(showlegend = FALSE)
bp

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